Dr. Crete discusses an anterior esthetic case from the initial conversation to finished treatment plan for a patient who lacked smile confidence.

Patient Profile

Drew became a new patient at my practice as a 20-year-old junior in college. His reasoning was: “Just to get my teeth cleaned.” During his initial hygiene appointment, he mentioned the “spot” on his front tooth (#9 – small pit filled with composite 10 years prior).  

He asked: “Can you put some new bond on there and make it match better? Even when my dentist did it the first time, it was always obvious.”

I heard his question as a window to ask further questions and find out a little bit more about him. At Pankey, we call this, ‘knowing your patient.’ It can start with an introduction to a new patient during a hygiene examination.  

Asking the Right Questions for Case Acceptance

I began by asking, “Do you know why you had the bonding done?” and “Did you have a cavity?”  

His answer was, “No, I have been playing hockey since I was really little. I was not always good about wearing my mouth guard and I chipped my teeth a lot.”   

Further questioning revealed he was referring to the enhanced mamelons and pitted enamel areas of his anterior teeth as “chips.”

His parents had elected not to have the chips repaired because they were told it was cosmetic treatment and their insurance would likely not pay anything.  

The Value of Open Dialogue

I then asked a few more open-ended questions like, “Is there anything about your smile you would change?”  

His answer: “Well, I always feel like I have little teeth and it makes me look like a little kid. I wanted braces when I was in junior high but my dentist told me I had a good bite and braces wouldn’t fix all the spaces I have.”  

Further dialogue with Drew revealed a significant concern he had about graduating from business school in a year and having to go through interviews looking like a little kid. He said, ”I worry no one will want to hire me because I look so young.”

To be continued…

White and brown spot lesions on the anterior teeth can be very distressing for the patient and a frustration for clinicians. Normally, they are decalcification or deposits on the teeth from fluoride or other minerals.

They do not require restoration. We are hesitant to do this and sacrifice good tooth structure, but esthetically they can really bother patients. They reduce a patient’s confidence in their smile. Recently, I have found a solution to this clinical situation that meets both the patient’s esthetic demands and my desire to be conservative.

Reversing Lesion Color on Anterior Teeth

Icon, from DMG America, is a translucent resin infiltrate that reverses the color of the lesion. It brings the tooth back to its natural color, requires no tooth preparation, and protects the tooth from further decalcification or progression into a carious lesion.

After we isolate with a rubber dam, the tooth is etched with a special etchant included in the kit. The protocol requires a longer etching time then we are accustomed to with other procedures.

After each etching procedure, we rinse and dry the tooth. Then we apply a special drying agent that allows us to evaluate the final result prior to proceeding with the resin.

If the tooth color has not yet been optimized, the etchant is applied again. This can be repeated up to five times. Once we have completed the etching process and confirmed the result with the drying agent, the resin is applied and then cured.

The entire procedure is done without any anesthesia and is very comfortable for the patient. Icon can be used on the facial and also on interproximal areas.

The resin is not visible on an x-ray, so the kit comes with a card to give the patient. This is so that if they see another dental office in the future, they are aware that the interproximal areas will still appear decalcified on an x-ray but have been fully infiltrated with resin.

I really enjoy offering this incredible, conservative esthetic service to my patients.

There are three critical components to the incisal edge anatomy of anterior teeth. Understanding the function and esthetics of the pitch and two bevels is essential to creating an ideal patient result.

How can a clinician re-create the full anatomic form of the tooth in ceramics and composite? 

In my last blog on this topic, I discussed the dimensions, characterization, esthetics, restorative approach and challenge of mimicking ‘pitch‘ esthetics. Now, I’ll delve into mastering the bevels to create superior restorative results. Combining an esthetic pitch with functional bevels will ensure a smooth composite or ceramic outcome.

Components of Incisal Edge Anatomy Function and Esthetics: Bevels

The two bevels can be found on alternately the labial and the lingual of the transition zone between the pitch and these surfaces. They are often called the leading edge and the trailing edge.

Bevels

Dimensions: The bevels on both sides have a variable width. They can be between less than a millimeter to multiple millimeters long.

Characterization: The bevels lengthen in patients who grind their teeth in an excursive pathway pattern. Patients who parafunction edge to edge might eliminate the bevel. This makes it easier to shear enamel off on the labial or lingual side of the tooth. It also could result in chipping the edge enamel.

Function: The bevel is a transition zone to create smooth functional movement passing from excursive movements onto the pitch. Intercuspal stops on lower incisors are often on or gingival to the bevel.

Whether you are finalizing an equilibration, the occlusion on composites, or ceramics, perfecting anterior guidance is all about both pitch and bevel surfaces. These critical components are a great example of marrying form and function in your technique.

What is your restorative approach for recreating incisal edge anatomy? We’d love to hear from you in the comments! 

The incisal edge anatomy of anterior teeth is quite complex. This complexity is fundamental to the esthetics of the tooth, as well as the function of incisors. How do we re-create the full anatomic form of the tooth in ceramics and composite? 

Components of Incisal Edge Anatomy Function and Esthetics: Pitch

When the full anatomic form is not precisely recreated, this can lead to esthetic and functional challenges. To successfully mimic this form, the clinician can rely on three components of incisal edges (from a lateral perspective): 1 pitch and 2 bevels.

We can visualize the pitch as the flat top of the incisal edge.

Pitch

Dimensions: Labio-lingual width of at least 1mm that increases from attrition or parafunction in edge to edge position.

Characterization: Pitch is not always parallel to the horizon and its relative position is dependent on the inclination of the incisor. Incisors are inclined just a little bit further to the labial at the incisal edge and the pitch has an upward slant toward the lingual.

Esthetics: The tooth shape and inclination results in an incisal edge esthetic of thinner enamel at the labio-incisal junction. It also creates the highly desirable visual translucence. Leveling the pitch to the horizon can change light reflection which is critical to esthetics of the tooth.

Restorative Approach: Often in ceramics we create a pitch that is level to the horizon and has decreased width of the pitch. This can compromise the esthetics of the translucency, but that can be gained back using stains.

Challenge: The challenge with this shape change in ceramics is that patients often sit in edge to edge position during parafunction. Insufficient pitch width may result in the patient experiencing functional challenges, not finding a comfortable spot to rest and increased parafunctional movement.

I’ll expand on understanding the two bevels in my next incisal edge anatomy blog …

What aspects of incisal edge anatomy do you find most challenging? Let us know in the comments!

The Carolina bridge is an all-porcelain bonded pontic that can be used as an interim prosthesis and for many other valuable purposes.

In my last blog, I discussed why I love the Carolina bridge and its many applications as a restorative alternative. Now, I’ll provide an overview of the design and how to begin a case using the bridge.

Carolina Bridge Design

The design of the Carolina bridge bypasses problems found in Maryland bridges and adhesion bridges. The all-porcelain Carolina bridge is very esthetic because there is no metal substructure. There is also incredible light penetration.

Maryland bridges, on the other hand, are not esthetic due to the the graying created by metal wings. All-porcelain pontics, such as the Carolina bridge, often can be used when tooth anatomy comes before or restricts the prep and placement of a Maryland-type bridge. Also, it is easier to repair the proximal resin composite retaining connectors of Carolina bridges.

Carolina Bridge Case Technique

A case that illustrates a Carolina bridge technique is one where an adolescent patient presented with a missing maxillary right lateral incisor. A team consisting of a periodontist, an orthodontist, an endodontist, and a restorative dentist determined that a dental implant would be the best treatment once the patient reaches maturity.

The team decided to orthodontically submerge the endodontically treated root to best preserve the bony site for implant placement. They selected a Carolina bridge as the best interim prosthesis because the occlusal relationship was favorable and there was sufficient crown length of the abutment teeth.

At the first appointment, shade selection was determined and an elastomeric impression was made of the anterior segment. A working case, an impression of the opposing arch, and a bite registration were created. An all-porcelain pontic was fabricated of feldspathic porcelain by the laboratory. At the second appointment, the involved abutment teeth were fully cleaned and rinsed.

The pontic was trial positioned to assess the shade accuracy and the adaptation of the pontic to the residual ridge. Once the accuracy of the shade and fit was verified, the pontic was readied for cementation.

A silane coupling agent was placed on the etched proximal surfaces of the porcelain pontic to improve the bond strength. Preparation of the abutment teeth was done by lightly roughening the proximal surfaces with a coarse, flame-shaped diamond stone. At this point, the pontic was ready for bonding into the edentulous space.

Dr. Heymann will be a featured lecturer at the Pankey 2018 Annual Meeting in Nashville, TN.

Assessing and managing the papilla is particularly important when we are treatment planning esthetic cases. Usually, we pay attention to the papilla when planning anterior implants and are less focused on this when we are treatment planning natural teeth.

The papilla is valued in cosmetic dentistry because it is an essential element of smile esthetics. If we want patients to be truly happy with their results, we must include it in our early considerations.

Papilla Tips and Why They Matter

Many of our patients who are in their sixties and seventies will still show the tips of the papilla. This isn’t the case for other aspects such as the gingival margin. Because of this, it’s critical that we don’t ignore them when treatment planning a smile.

Two main aspects to focus on when diagnosing papilla esthetics are symmetry and papilla height compared to contact length.

Papilla Symmetry

Papilla heights should be symmetric across the midline. Papilla tips will vary for patients, with some creating a straight line when connected and others having a line that tips up toward the canines. Regardless, the left and right sides should mimic one another. For example, if the papilla tip is shorter between the canine and lateral, it should do this on both sides.

Papilla Height

Papilla height compared to contact length is also important. The papilla tip should take up 45-50% of the total length of the tooth from the gingiva to the end of the contact. Then the contact should use up the remaining 50-55% of this distance.

Looking at the existing papilla symmetry and height enables you to decide if the esthetics are acceptable. Your goal will be to maintain them optimally. If they are where you want them to be esthetically already, then you have a reference to determine the positive or negative effect treatments like crown lengthening, ortho, and restorative procedures could have. If papilla esthetics are not where you want them to be, you can use these parameters to evaluate treatment options and improve them.

What is your favorite part of treatment planning a case? We’d love to hear your thoughts in the comments! 

The Carolina bridge is a novel all-porcelain bonded pontic. It requires no significant tooth preparation, making it an outstanding option as an interim prosthesis.

Numerous bonded bridge designs have been advocated over the years for the temporary or permanent replacement of missing teeth. Both metal and all-porcelain designs of bonded bridges are popular, each with varying degrees of success.

All of these designs involve some degree of tooth preparation, which makes them irreversible in nature. This is where the Carolina bridge comes in. The key to success with a Carolina bridge is the availability of adequate surface area interproximally to ensure optimally strong resin composite connectors.

Utilizing an ultraconservative all-porcelain bonded bridge for the interim replacement of single incisors relies on clear understanding of indications, contraindications, and clinical technique.

I Love the Carolina Bridge & Here’s Why

The Carolina type of bonded bridge provides benefits like ease of placement, esthetic vitality (no metal substructure), ease of connector repair, and a totally reversible nature.

Patients best suited for an all-porcelain bonded Carolina bridge are young adolescents with missing maxillary incisors. In these cases, an all-porcelain bonded pontic is an excellent interim prosthesis because of its totally reversible nature.

The abutment teeth can be returned to their original condition simply through removal of the bonded pontic and the resin composite connectors.

The Carolina bridge can also be used as a restorative alternative in cases where a more permanent fixed prosthesis is impractical or unaffordable. This might be a result of the patient’s age, medical condition, or economic status.

Additionally, patients with missing lateral incisors and in whom the remaining edentulous space is too small for an implant are often excellent candidates for an all-porcelain bonded pontic of this type. By slightly lapping the adjacent teeth, an esthetically acceptable prosthesis can be obtained.

In my next blog, I’ll talk about the design of the Carolina bridge and illustrate my technique for implementing it in appropriate cases. 

Dr. Heymann will be a featured lecturer at the Pankey 2018 Annual Meeting in Nashville, TN

Ever since I started my AEGD residency following dental school, I have loved continuing education. I’ve always sought new courses, new educators, new techniques. But for me, the most impactful educational experience was taking The Essentials courses at The Pankey Institute.

Not only did I learn about the complex temporomandibular and masticatory system, perhaps more importantly, I gained the skill and confidence I needed to tackle complex esthetic cases and truly found my sweet spot in dentistry.

Finding My Way in Dentistry

I am a bread and butter general dentist. However, my favorite cases are the ones that have the capacity to change someone’s smile, to make them not only healthier and more beautiful, but most importantly, improve their confidence. Once I gained these skills I wanted to implement them into my practice as soon as possible, but unfortunately I tripped over a few stumbling blocks before I found the right way to do that.

I remember one particular patient I had who really could have benefitted from some esthetic dentistry. I spent hours mounting the case, cropping and organizing photos, even waxing up anterior teeth on a model to show him the dramatic esthetic improvement I could make to his smile. That patient was engaged and listened to everything I had to say.

He came back for his second consult, asked questions, but at the end of the day never pursued treatment. I learned a valuable lesson in that case and numerous others. When I stopped presenting the treatment I thought patients needed and instead let them tell me what they wanted, I started closing cases.

As a part of my comprehensive exam, after the radiographs, the periodontal probings, the hard and soft tissue exam, and often clinical photography, I simply ask the patient, “Is there anything about the way your teeth look that you would like to change?”

To be continued…

The truth can be hard to face: Something is wrong with the design of these provisionals … We may be working on a broken provisional and feel the deep frustration that comes with knowing something went awry.

I challenge you, in these moments, to reframe the ‘problem’ as a mystery to be solved. You are the clinical detective who needs to work backwards a la Sherlock Holmes to figure out ‘whodunit.’

Mystery of the Broken Anterior Provisional

Remaking and adjusting an anterior provisional from the upper right to the upper left canine (for the second time) is a horror story in the making. Before you allow that narrative to take over and call the lab to have them rush the case back, remember to rely on your intuition and technical expertise.

You may not be able to call the lab because you haven’t taken final impressions. Either way, let the provisionals tell you what the flaw in the design is, rather than believe you can run the solution show.

A good first place to look and listen for answers is the occlusion. For example, if the patient reports that they wake up with headaches after you’ve placed the provisionals, you would want to look closely at envelope of fucntion. Is the patient heavy on the centrals and laterals? If so, you can begin the process of adjusting.

Methods of the Dental Detective

As you examine the issue, you may find other clues, such as that the patient is catching on the incisal edge in their return stroke from protrusive. You continue to adjust, beveling edges for a smoother transition. You leave the guidance shared between the canines and centrals, keep it smooth, but even this doesn’t stop the patient from breaking the provisional.

If you’ve ever seen or read a good detective story, you know this isn’t the time to quit. When things seem most opaque, the detective is usually at a breaking point where the parts might finally start to fit together. Once they do this, the flood gates open and they rush toward the explanation.

You will reach this point while adjusting again. In response to what you’ve learned, you begin to shallow the patient’s guidance and share protrusive with the premolars. You decide to shorten lower anteriors and increase overjet by proclining the restoration. Here, you’ve come to the solution. You need to work it out on an articulator perhaps and then go back to the mouth.

The main lesson is that we have the most to learn from cases that don’t go perfectly. Plus, it would get pretty boring if there were no dental mysteries left to solve …

Click Here for When Ceramic Debonds: Part 1

A Methodical Process for Examining the Frustrating Reasons Behind Why

One of the most disheartening and emotionally upsetting situations is when a ceramic restoration debonds. Our ability to act constructively in the moment is key to our future case success.

In Part 1 of this series, I explained why it’s important to acknowledge your frustration without letting it control you. I also outlined the beginning of a methodical thought process that will help you figure out why ceramic debonds.

The following steps assume you’ve already looked at the resin and determined if the ceramic was prepared, cleaned, or conditioned properly.

Completing Your Investigative Process When Ceramic Debonds

You have a different set of explanations for what happened if all of the resin cement is on the ceramic and the tooth is clean.

Clean the tooth thoroughly to remove all trace of the temporary cement. The issue may have occurred when the enamel and dentin were etched, regardless of whether you used a total etch or a self etch technique.

Next, ask yourself about the amount of enamel you have versus the amount of dentin. This involves taking a second look at the prep, because secondary dentin can be quite problematic when bonding.

Another area you may need to reconsider is your technique for dentin adhesive. Did you accurately follow the steps? Could poor isolation have led to a contaminated tooth during the process?

Lastly, sometimes there is some resin on the tooth and some on the ceramic. In this case when resin is in both places, you can benefit from rethinking the occlusal forces on the tooth and the functional design. Your patient may have higher functional risk or you might have lacked complete precision while adjusting the final occlusion. A good clue that you’ll find resin on the tooth and the ceramic is if it fails under load.

You can better target your problem solving and decrease the risk of the same technical issue recurring in the future by identifying where the resin is located. Follow the thought process in this series and you’re well on your way to smoother cases.

How do you respond when ceramic debonds? Please let us know your thoughts in the comments!